The Concern Of American Competitiveness Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2005 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? One of the prominent aspects of the debate concerning American competitiveness in world markets is the marked increase in cross-border mergers and acquisitions involving American firms. Heigthened awareness occurs when a Japanese company is the acquirer, especially if very large sums are involved. The purpose of this research is to examine these cross-border mergers and acquisitions involving American and Japanese firms, particularly in the last decade. Several factors make the U.S. markets attractive to Japanese investors. For instance, the size of the American economy, the largest in the world, implies vast consumer markets. In a discussion of motives for Japanese foreign direct investment, Chernotsky singles out the size, importance and accessibility of the U.S. market as one of the major pull factors attracting Japanese investment.(2) Yet size alone cannot explain this extraordinary attraction of U.S. markets for foreign investors. After all, there are othe r large economies and consumer markets. Fears of a surge in protectionism in the United States has become another common theme in the debate concerning foreign direct investment. The case of the establishment of subsidiaries of major Japanese automobilie manufacturers in the U.S. during the 1980s is a visible example of a strategy designed to fend off protectionist threats. In addition, for foreign investors as a whole, the political stability offered by the U.S. marketplace, evidenced by a generally benign set of rules and regulations concerning foreign businesses, is a factor of attraction which ranks second only to the sheer size of the U.S. economy. The United States has consistently enjoyed a very hospitable climate for foreign investment. Indeed, Yoshida (1987) reports that to look for the political stability is one of the main reasons for Japanese manufacturing investment in the United States; not only that, special tax incentives and other state and local government incen tives rank among the most important factors influencing location decisions within the United States.(3) In sum, the attractiveness of the large U.S. markets, the traditionally liberal U.S. business environment and pervasive fears of a rising tide of protectionism have figured predominantly as issues to be carefully considered by current and prospective foreign investors, especially by companies contemplating a merger or acquisition of a U.S. concern. There are, however, other major factors in this complex decision, which have received increased attention. They relate to corporate restructuring, technology transfers, corporate culture, and the investment horizon.(4) This general rationale for the attractiveness of the United States for cross-border mergers and acquisitions by Japanese businesses is only part of the picture. It seems important to identify certain variables that affected the flows of U.S.-Japan acquisitions during the 1980s. Accordingly, in the next section, we d iscuss macroeconomic variables that may apply to any cross-border activity, but are particularly relevant to the U.S.-Japan case. This is followed, by our empirical analysis which contains our statistical models, a description of the data and our results. Finally, the implications of our results that the drive for cross-border acquisitions is explained both by macroeconomic as well as by industry and firmspecific variables are summarized in the last section. Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions: Developments in the 1980s and their Rationale Since the end of the 1981-1982 recession in the United States, there has been a marked increase in domestic and cross-border merger and acquisition activity. This cross-border acquisition wave receded only with the onset of recession in the U.S. and the U.K. during the late 1980s and early 1990s, the dislocations imposed by the German reunification and more recently with the marked slowdown of the Japanese economy. Moreover, the compo sition of cross-border acquisition activity has shifted abruptly over the same period. For example, U.S. acquisitions of non-U.S. firms increased modestly from 149 in 1983 to 177 in 1987, while foreign acquisitions of U.S. firms rose substantially. In 1983, there were 116 foreign acquisitions of U.S. firms, valued at about $22 billion; this increased to 363 foreign acquisitions of U.S. firms in 1987, with an approximate value of $42 billion. To put it another way, U.S. firms acted as acquiring firms in about 56 percent of the cross-border acquisitions involving U.S. firms in 1983, versus only about 26 percent in 1987. In some of the more publicized foreign acquisitions of U.S. firms, a Japanese company acted as the acquiring firm, including Sonys acquisition of CBS Records Group and Bridgestones acquisition of Firestone Tire Rubber Co. It seems important to examine the variables that a company considers when contemplating a cross-border acquisition or merger. The extant literatu re lacks a framework within which different cases of cross-border mergers and acquisitions can be analyzed. In this section we consider the positive as well as the unfavorable factors affecting cross-border mergers and acquisitions, with a focus on the U.S.-Japan recent experience. In addition, using a capital budgeting framework, we illustrate how the feasibility of a proposed foreign acquisition can be measured. This framework is then applied to explain the recent trends of increasing acquisitions of U.S. firms by foreign firms and reduced acquisitions of non-U.S. firms by U.S. firms. In the following section, we proceed to examine the empiricalà ¢ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ The recent French and Dutch votes rejecting the European Unions constitution could hamper cross-border merger and acquisition activity, at least indirectly, if they retard efforts to standardize various regulatory regimes. But the no votes are not expected to have a material impact on foreign investment in Europe, or on MA, according to European and international corporate lawyers. With widely varying corporate, labor and tax laws among member states, cross-border mergers in Europe are often cumbersome, if not outright difficult. A yes vote for the proposed constitution would have speeded the streamlining of various regulatory regimes, according to Peter Goes, an MA partner at the Benelux law firm of NautaDutilh N.V.à ¢ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ I. INTRODUCTION The growing web of interdependencies in the global economy has developed new relationships between economic agents of different countries. In the last decade, an interesting phenomenon surfaced in the international market for corporate control. The number of foreign firms acquiring U.S. firms, in aggregate terms, has been larger than the number of U.S. firms taking over foreign companies. For instance, during the 1981-1990 period the average number of transactions per year involving a for eign bidder for a U.S. company was 218 and the yearly average dollar amount for the same period was $23.4 billion. We can contrast with this the average number of transactions and dollar amounts involving U.S. bidders for a foreign company which were 147 and $8.5 billion respectively. Thus, as Table 1 shows, U.S. companies have played mainly a target role in the cross-border market for corporate control. The exact motivations for observing U.S. firms as targets outnumbering bidders are many (e.g., macroeconomic factors, firm-specific financial characteristics, corporate strategic moves, political motives, and/or the possibility of a good buy). The focus of our study is on this final factor, managements quest for undervalued assets. Table 1. Cross-border Merger And Acquisition Activity Involving U.S. Companies Year U.S. Target U.S. Bidder Transactions Billions ($) Transactions Billions ($) 1981 243 18.1 10 11.1 1982 153 5.1 121 0.8 1983 125 5.9 146 2.5 1984 15 1 15.5 147 2.6 1985 197 10.9 175 1.4 1986 264 24.5 180 5.2 1987 220 40.4 142 11.0 1988 307 55.5 151 14.5 1989 285 40.4 220 22.2 1990 266 33.0 266 18.0 Average 218 23.4 147 8.5 Source: Mergerstat Review International mergers and acquisitions research focuses primarily on wealth transfers. For instance, Doukas and Travlos (1988), besides offering an excellent review of this literature, contrasts the returns to shareholders from U.S. and non-U.S. based firms expanding into foreign markets. Conn and Connell (1990) also include an extensive literature review of merger and acquisitions within their empirical study of wealth transfers between U.S. and British firms expansion into each others markets. Outside of the wealth transfer research, empirical international merger and acquisition research is lagging behind its domestic (e.g., U.S.) counterpart which is rich in studies from the perspective of both sides of the negotiation table. In this tradition, Harris an d Ravenscrafts (1991) linkage of the undervaluation, management inefficiency, and market imperfections hypotheses provides the theoretical foundation for our empirical testing. Thus, our contribution to the merger literature is the empirical validation of undervaluation as one of the key financial motivations underlying acquisitions in the international arena. Under our hypotheses, we postulate that the existence of product and service market imperfections that cause frictions in the global market (such as transaction costs and costs associated with barriers to entry) contributes to favor the acquisition of a company already operating. This is because the amount paid for an existing company, as compared to the replacement cost of its assets, more than compensates for the costs that could have been incurred had the foreign firm started with brand new facilities. Thus, in order to minimize the acquisition costs, foreign firms should follow the same pattern of analysis as their dome stic counterparts and search for undervalued and/or mismanaged companies as targets for their acquisitions.(1) The results of our undervaluation hypotheses testing, within the Tobins q framework utilized by Servaes (1991) for the study of domestic mergers, support this viewpoint.(2) To our knowledge, there are no other studies on cross-border merger and acquisitions that validate the theoretical undervaluation hypothesis within an international setting. Other domestic MA studies, such as Palepu (1986) and Dietrich and Sorensen (1984), provide the foundation for our use of the logit methodology for predicting acquisition targets. Palepu (1986) also stresses the need to take into account the fact that the targets and bidders are oversampled and therefore the Maximum Likelihood estimators might be biased. We attempt to compensate for this problem by using a choice-based sample based on a Weighted Maximum Likelihood Estimator (hereafter WMLE) as explained in Appendix II and outlined by Manski and McFadden (1981). Consistent with previous studies applied to the domestic market for corporate control (see for example Chappel and Cheng, 1984), we hypothesize that undervalued U.S. companies are more likely to be targets of foreign companies. Thus, our first hypothesis, Undervaluation-Target Hypothesis, is described as: H1: The likelihood of a U.S. firm becoming a target increases when the firm is perceived as being undervalued. Within the empirical analysis, we proxy this undervaluation with Tobins q (i.e., the ratio of market value to replacement cost of assets of the U.S. firm), which is a continuation of the approach pioneered by Tobin (1969). Since then many other researchers have used Tobins q as both a theoretical and an empirical tool to establish a relationship between the product or service markets and the capital markets. For instance, Chirinko (1987) concludes that the theoretical usefulness of Tobins q stems from the fact that it incorporates fo rward-looking behavior, reflects optimal choices, and contains estimated coefficients that are readily identified. Under this hypothesized relationship, investment (i.e. the addition to the stock of capital) is determined by the marginal q, defined as the ratio of the discounted future revenues from an additional unit of capital to its net-of-tax purchase price. However, due to difficulties of empirically valuing a marginal q, our study relies on an average q. This proxy is supported by Tobin and Brainard (1977), who emphasized that the forces of continuity in the economy are strong and that we can expect that the same factors which raise or lower q on the margin will likewise raise or lower q on the average. Assuming that the takeover decision is motivated by the same stimuli that encourage firms to grow internally, Chappell and Cheng (1984) were among the first to study the q ratio as a predictor of takeover targets. They found that the high abnormal returns experienced by a cquirers before the merger are consistent with a high q ratio, signaling to the companies that it is time to expand. Nevertheless, they concluded that the effect of the q ratio is not always significant and that these effects vary. Holly and Longbottom (1988), using the same framework followed by Chappell and Cheng (1984), analyzed U.K. firms and found that if the average q ratio is more than one, the takeover (i.e., investment) is desirable. If it is less than one, it is not. Lang, Stulz and Walking (1989) studied tender offers and their relationship to Tobins q. Under theà ¢ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Concern Of American Competitiveness Finance Essay" essay for you Create order

Responsibility for the Holocaust - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 468 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/04/26 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Holocaust Essay Did you like this example? Latisha made an important acknowledgment in mentioning, atrocities were devoted due to the Germans were so cruel, and aggressive during the time Hitler was in power. Fundamental attribution is defined as making a judgment about someones character which can be from a persons conduct in a particular situation. Not seeing the German individuals were experiencing and why they were acting the way they were rather Latishas attention was straightforwardly on German Culture in Hitlers opportunity. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Responsibility for the Holocaust" essay for you Create order She moved her focal point from Hitlers power to everyday citizens. One motivation behind why she could have put forth is expression since she didnt know much about the Hitlers day and age or she knew just how Jews were fiercely killed. She related the all the German individuals as being cruel individuals with unusual bent identities. This could be valid for a few people, yet not all. They may have been compelled to conflict with their will or debilitated to be executed. Another motivation behind why she could have put forth this expression since she was not completely mindful of the conditions and the circumstances Germans and Jews were living in. Expecting Latisha is American the way of life and attitude she originates from can put forth her make this expression. For instance, she once in a while hears somebody murdered somebody and the news is finished. One more week comes one individual was discovered kicked the bucket et cetera. There was nothing presented in this situation like this one. In her mind, she can misrepresent since she was never in this sort of circumstance. Again it can go the other route also. For instance, a man who has proceeded with this circumstance most likely say a similar thing since they have lost their confidence in German individuals they were damaged. It influences us to think then why Latisha put forth this expression. I trust her social qualities and the outlook she was raised in has a considerable measure to do with this. Living in America, we have the opportunity and are possess rights. Indeed, even minorities are viewed as equivalent; there are no religious commitments or sexual orientation confinements. Latisha put forth this expression since when the inquiry was gotten some information about Germans and Hitler it set off her mind that they slaughtered numerous Jews. Another clarification to the motivation behind why such a significant number of Germans conformed to Hitlers requests was to butcher a huge number of blameless Jews and others. Amid the war, Germans took after the request from Hitler since he was in charge. German who was in the armed force just saw them as adversaries and murdered them. Regardless of whether they had affections for Jews, they needed to keep it aside and take after the requests else they would n eed to pay the cost.

A Midsummers Night Dream - 554 Words

Have you ever heard a quote that really stood out to you. And then you went and told you friends that quote and they liked it. And they told people who told other people and then everyone liked. Eventually, you know with all the social media programs these days, its going to end up on facebook or instagram and even more people are going to find out about it. Thats one way a quote can become famous but another way is if it is in a popular movie or book. In this case it is from one of Shakespeares finest and most known, A Midsummer Night’s Dream. In A Midsummer Night’s Dream the quote â€Å"the course of true love never did run smoothly† applies to the different people in the book: the first couple is Hermia and Lysander, Second Demetrius and Helena, and finally Pyramus and Thisbe. To start, the first couple that proves the quote right is Hermia and Lysander. They had a very â€Å"bumpy† love story. When they were going to run away together you think that everything is going to be okay. Then, because someone was trying to help Lysander stopped loving Hermia for a little while. That was the biggest bump in their road of love because they make you think that they aren’t going to be together. Hermia starts to as Lysander why this bump has come up so quickly and suddenly when it seemed like they had a smooth road ahead. Lysander tells her that he is now in love with Helena by saying. This is Lysander saying how he hates Hermia know becasue of the beautiful Helena. But in the endShow MoreRelatedLove in a Midsummers Night Dream1772 Words   |  8 PagesHow does Shakespeare use the theme of love in ‘A Midsummer Night’s Dream’? Shakespeare uses the theme of love to show how complicated love can be; Hermia falling in love with Lysander and Egeus not allowing her to get married to Lysander. Lysander and Hermia try to figure things out between themselves and their forbidden love, â€Å"The course of true love never did run smooth†. On the other hand Shakespeare uses comical love with Helena’s unrequited love for Demetrius. Helena is so sad she calls herselfRead MoreMale Dominance in a Midsummers Night Dream1304 Words   |  6 PagesTo what extent is Shakespeare trying portray male dominance over the female characters, in A Midsummer’s Night Dream. Almost in every play of Shakespeare we can see the dominance of males over women. In his plays women have no right to say what they think or what they want. They are always expected to be faithful to their fathers and husbands. They don’t have any freedom about their lives. However we know that this attitude of men against women in Shakespeare’s plays is a reflection of RenaissanceRead More A Midsummers Nights Dream by William Shakespeare Essay639 Words   |  3 Pages A Midsummers Nights Dream by William Shakespeare William Shakespeare wrote a midsummers night dream in 1595. He wrote this comedy to celebrate the marriage of a noble man. An important guest at the wedding was Elizabeth 1st. The play describes the adventures of two sets of lovers as they pass through the forest outside Athens, they are misused by immortals Oberon the fairy king and puck his messenger. To get revenge on his wife Titania, Oberon misuses Bottom a labourerRead MoreA Midsummers Night Dream and As You Like It Essay2193 Words   |  9 PagesShakespeare often compares imagination and reality in his plays. He explores this comparison through the role and purpose of the forests in Midsummer Nights Dream and As You Like It. Midsummer Nights Dream focuses on imagination and escape, while As You like It focuses on reality and self discovery. The forest in Midsummer Nights Dream represents imagination. Puck, a fairy servant and friend of Oberon, watches six Athenian men practice a play to be performed for Theseus wedding in the forestRead MoreThe Role of Marriage in Taming of the Shrew, A Midsummer’s Night Dream and The Merchant of Venice952 Words   |  4 Pages Shakespearean comedies, like â€Å"The Taming of the Shrew†, â€Å"A Midsummer’s Night Dream† and â€Å"The Merchant of Venice†, typically end with a happy ending usually involving a marriage between a couple that was courting throughout the play. The ill-matched couples courting throughout the play often encounter obstacles and experience an uncanny style of courting. Shakespeare focuses on the hectic courting of the poorly matched individuals married at the end of the play rather than the future lives of theseRead MoreAnalysis on A Midsummer Nights Dream by William Shakespeare1239 Words   |  5 PagesGreat Chain of Being. This hierarchy, with God and royalty at the top, man in the middle above women, and animals near the bottom, was the basis of status. Deviation from the established order was considered absurd and created chaos. In A Midsummer’s Night Dream, Shakespeare uses the juxtaposition of contrasting people and settings to explore the effects of disorder in Elizabethan society while revealing character flaws for comic effect. The antagonistic setting of Theseus’ Athens and the surroundingRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet, King Lear, And A Midsummer s Night Dream1037 Words   |  5 PagesThe Bard of Avon, commonly known as William Shakespeare is one of the best known playwrights in the (Video). A few of his most famous plays include Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, King Lear, and A Midsummer’s Night Dream (McArthur). Although he was popular during his time, Shakespeare’s influence continued to grow after his death and today he well known around the world. He added 2,000 words to the English dictionary and he is the 2nd most quoted after the Bible (Video). Shakespeare is one of the mostRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Twelfth Night 998 Words   |  4 PagesThe introduction of Twelfth Night, written by M.M. Mahood, provides a cultural setting for readers to better understand the play. Although Mahood wrote the introduction for Twelfth Night, the information also allows readers to appreciate the magical freedom that A Midsummer Night’s Dream encompasses. Mahood delves into the cultural significance of Puritanism early in the 17th century through the character of Malvolio. Although Twelfth Night is a comedy, the presence of morally strict PuritanismRead MoreAway by Michael Gow857 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Christmas of 1968. Roy and Coral (the headmaster and his wife) are becoming increasingly close to breaking up. Their son was killed in the Vietnam War and Coral is still grieving for him. Tom and Meg were in the school’s production of A Midsummer’s Nights Dream. Tom has Leukaemia, and his parents, Harry and Vic, haven’t told him that he is going to die, but Tom has worked it out already. Tom and his family immigrated to Australia form England. They are going on holiday knowing that it could be theirRead MoreRalph Waldo Emerson s Dead Poets Society1376 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Self-Reliance. Neil also begins to attempt to question what his father has deemed wrong and right for him his entire life. Neil displays his desire to break free from his father and rely on his own thoughts and opinions when he auditions for A Midsummer’s Night Dream. He tells Todd Anderson that he is â€Å"gonna be an actor! Ever since I can remember, I ve wanted to try this...but, of course, my father wouldn t let me. For the first time in my whole life, I know what I wanna do†(Dead Poets Society). As

Common Application Eating Disorders free essay sample

Eating disorders are becoming more and more common in teenagers and even adults these days, on account of societys idea of the perfect body. The spread of this devastating mental disease has reached every corner of the world and affects millions of young men and women. The point of this essay is to explain the types of eating disorders there are, the effects of these eating disorders, the harsh effect that the media has on a young persons mind, and my personal battle with this disease that came, destroyed a lot of things, and never really left. There are many types of eating disorders, the most common eating disorders though are Anorexia-Nervosa and Bulimia-Nervosa. Anorexia nervosa is when a person is overwhelmed by the irrational fear of gaining weight, distorted body self-perception and they tend to restrict their diet to very small portions of food, if at all. This eating disorder is more commonly found in women but can also be found in men. Anorexia effects your mind in so many ways that many people claim to not know who they are anymore, they feel as if they’ve lost themselves in the disease and become obsessed with it. Anorexia is thought of as the â€Å"incurable disorder† because many people never completely recover from this disorder, they only learn how to manage it well, after many many years of rehabilitation and therapy. The obsession that comes with this disorder completely over takes the persons life, a scale becomes their worst enemy and food becomes a monster they are constantly fighting. Mentally, this disorder wears a person down, until they start developing other mental disorders such as depression or even schizophrenia. The mental effects that this disorder has is only the half of it, the effects it physically leaves are awful as well. Typically, a person who develops this disorder and lives with it for a long period of time with eventually become very weak and frail, their hair becomes t hin and tends to fall out, they stop menstruating and because of this their bones will lose their density and be very easy to break. It’s also common for someone to become addicted to drugs or alcohol. There is nothing beautiful about this disease, there is nothing good about this obsession and in the end, the person is never happy with their â€Å"progress† anyway. Eventually they will wither away to nothing simply because they never think they’re thin enough. (nimh.nih.gov) The other common eating disorder that people suffer from is Bulimia-Nervosa, this disorder is the act of binging and purging, or eating large sums of food in a short period of time, and then ridding the body of the food, often by throwing up or with laxatives. This disease, while is similar to Anorexia, has its own physical effects and mental effects that are just as deadly. A person who suffers from this disease will often lock themselves in a room by themselves, to binge in private. The differences between the two disorders are the way the food is consumed, how much, and how the diseases differ in terms of being noticeable. The food consumed when the person is diagnosed with Anorexia tends to cut their food up into very small pieces, and very very small portions of food, while a person with Bulimia tends to consume large bites of food, and in large quantities. People with bulimia tend to also be able to hide their disease better, because even in the most desperate attempts of ridd ing their body of the food, they’re still taking some calories in. This doesn’t mean the bulimia is a safer eating disorder or that it’s better. Both of these disease can ruin a persons life in a very short period of time, and it also can ruin the lives of people around them. Eating disorders don’t only effect the person who has it, it also effects the ones that love them, constantly putting them in fear that you could die or severely hurt yourself. These diseases are like hurricanes or tornados. They come through and cause so much destruction. When they pass, there is still so much damage and there is lots of work that needs to be done to fix things, but they’ll never be the exact way they were before. (nimh.nih.gov) There is an overwhelming idea that the media has loads to do with the growing epidemic that is eating disorders. The media uses sex and the idea of the perfect body in the media to get their point across, even in car commercials you never see a heavier person driving, or the average sized 40 year old man. There is always that constant reminder that one has the perfect body and the perfect smile and the viewer doesn’t. Women in the media are often shown in skimpy clothing, and they’re very fit. Clothing models and runway models are never plus sized. Even fictional characters are thin and beautiful. The idea of the perfect body is constantly flashed in front of our faces, all the time. There is never an add on the TV for being happy with yourself, but there is plenty of exercise equipment and diet pills for sale. A survey was done at Yale, and 4,000 students said they would rather give up a year of their life than be fat, and a large percent of them stated that they would try diet pills, if they felt like they should. 91% of women surveyed on a college campus had attempted to control their weight through dieting. 22% dieted â€Å"often† or â€Å"always.† Market data estimates that the total U.S. weight loss market was worth $55.4 billion in 2006 and is constantly growing at a very rapid rate. Think about that, all that money is going into paying a person who is fit and beautiful, to tell you that a little pill can make you thin and happy. There’s something very suspicious about that, and I find it very hard to believe that the people in the ads got their 6 pack from swallowing a pill. The media is harder on our minds than we realize, and with it being such a large part of our culture and our lifestyle here in America, we don’t even register that the media is makin g such a big impact on the younger minds of today. In a survey of girls 9 and 10 years old, 40% have tried to lose weight, according to an ongoing study funded by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Right there is a reason that we should be more concerned with trying to prevent eating disorders, and distorted ideas of body image in the younger generations. By the time girls reach the age of 17, 78% of them are unhappy with the way their bodies look and want to change it. 42% of 1st-3rd grade girls want to be thinner. These statistics are the sad reality behind the growing danger of eating disorders, and how they even effect the younger children as well. The media will probably never stop portraying women as thin beautiful people, all the time, but that doesn’t mean people can’t try to help younger people grow up to understand the truth behind the media, the magical effects of photoshop and make up, and the truth behind the â€Å"perfect women.† There i sn’t one. (anad.org healthpsych.psy.vanderbilt.edu) My personal experience isn’t well known. Very few people know about my eating disorder, other have their own suspicions. This will be the first time telling my story so openly, but hopefully not my last. I would love for my story to help someone with their own disorder, but I know in my heart that an unfinished story can’t help someone, only influence them to at least make it as far as I have. I haven’t recovered from my eating disorder, I still struggle on a daily basis with food and my self confidence. Thankfully though, I think I’ve escaped my darkest days. I remember this moment very distinctly, because it was the first time I ever really thought I was fat. I was in 6th grade, and I was on a dance team. The night that we were supposed to perform, I wore a crop top type costume, I remember looking down at my body and not liking what I saw. Things progressed slowly from there and then eventually exploded into a full blown obsession. I suffered from Anor exia-Nervosa and reached my lowest weight, in 8th grade of 78 Lbs. Being only 5’2’’ at the time, people automatically assumed that I would be very petite. On a daily basis I was consuming so few calories that I tended to become light headed and tired all the time. Physically, I just looked worn out, mentally I was worn out, and I was tired of the stress that I was facing. I decided to chose between the things that were most important in my life, and decided that I would have to stop giving at least one thing less attention. Of course, I wasn’t going to give up my eating disorder, it was impossible, so I decided that school was the last thing on my list of things to care about, and I began to fail all my classes. History and English were my two favorite subjects, and I completely stopped trying in everything I did. The assignments we got were never that challenging for me, I just didn’t care enough to try and complete them. I put papers in my locker so they could sit there until I got sick of looking at them, rubrics for projects were thrown in the trash and my projects were mediocre quality. I knew I could do a lot better, but I wasn’t applying myself at all. What changed my life at this point was my fathers divorce, he was going through his own hard time, and left decision making up to me, I chose to move. I was desperate for something to change, and I was also desperate to â€Å"fix myself† before I started at a new school. I became obsessed with self help books and websites, equally as obsessed with helping myself, as I was with destroying myself. Eventually I did talk to someone. I tried at home treatment, because I refused to go to a center, I started to overcome my eating disorder and things seemed to get a little better. The time came to move, and obviously I wasn’t going to be able to take my therapist with me, so I stopped treatment, and I moved on with my life. To this day I still see signs of my disorder, haunting the back of my mind. I have my bad days when I won’t eat anything, or days when I feel ashamed of myself because of the things that I did eat, but there are always struggles that come with making progress. I hope to eventually be able to say that I did beat my demons, and that I’m happy with the direction my life is going. Until then, I’ll be fighting my demons and hopefully helping people understand these deadly mental diseases and the effects that the world has on young men and women.

Is this the end of traditional marriages free essay sample

Marriage is a fear for some men and a fairy tale dream for most women. A marriage is a commitment between two people. Two people who declare their love for one another. Two people who initially share the same realistic goal to be with each other for a lifetime, without any doubts. In the reading, â€Å"Could Temporary Marriages Reduce the Alarming Rate of Divorce? † by Natalie Rivera explains the idea that temporary marriages can be the ideal matter for some people who do not want to be committed. However, Rivera does not believe in this herself, she believes temporary marriages are not to take into account as a â€Å"traditional marriage† because it overwhelms everything about it being traditional. In today’s age group there is nothing traditional about marriage, this generation we live in has changed the meaning of what â€Å"traditional† is it’s no longer a realistic goal for most people in this day and age; it’s not what our society is following up with. We will write a custom essay sample on Is this the end of traditional marriages? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A traditional marriage (in my point of view) is marrying your significant other, living together after marriage and starting a family while being in a monogamous commitment with each other. Every couple who decides to† take it to the next step† by getting married have the ideal purpose to be with their spouse for a lifetime just as their vows said, â€Å"until death do us part†. Nowadays, traditional isn’t necessarily what this generation is pursuing. Some of today’s teenagers have changed the cycle of what traditional marriage should be. For example, several of today’s teenagers decide to have a child first. The father of the child might be pressured to get married with the mother, whom eventually they decided as a couple to divorce. Why? Their relationship did not meet their expectations or they were facing too many problems; as a result of this a higher divorce rate. The society around us transforms the culture we live in; marriage happens to fall into that category. Many people who begin a relationship don’t worry about being monogamous because to them it might not be a concern when they have a deep emotional romantic connection. They don’t believe they are capable of being unfaithful because they love their other half. But as the years pass by, some partners lose their feelings and change their initial way of thinking. This is where the problems begin; infidelity becomes present in most relationships. They might try going to couples therapy to fix their problems, however few will be able to make that change. For the other couples, divorce might be the only resolution. Just as Rivera explains in her reading, the divorce rate in the United States is higher while in Mexico the divorce rate is not comparable. The reason being for that is because Mexico City there is a â€Å"temporary marriage licenses† with the minimum of two years. Could the concept of temporary marriages be the answer couples seek out? Or is this a trouble-free method couple’s lean to? This is another example of this generation changing the definition of what traditional should be. When entering a new relationship we all know communication and honesty is per say an obligation, of course if you want a long term and healthy relationship. These days seems like immature adolescents are more likely to married rather than mature couples. If an immature couple decides to join as one and married and have lack of communication how would they be able to have a stable, happy and successful marriage? If the couple can’t communicate on a regular basis it can turn their relationship bitter; ending in a divorce. Or, if there is lack of honesty, keeping secrets from your spouse and lying, well it can potentially sabotage a relationship. For example, my aunt married at the age of 18 with a man who she knew for less than one year. She said both of them married young and immature. Her marriage only lasted one year; she said it was the worst marriage because they didn’t have any communication, nothing in common and they both lied to each other by being unfaithful. This is another example of divorce and another reason why this society changes the point of view of people. The ending of traditional marriages is because the rises of divorce and it’s also because the society and generation we are growing up has revolutionize into something that has slowly vanished. The definition of traditional; â€Å"relating to or based on tradition†. How do we lie to ourselves by saying traditional still is present when we have this new culture that has damage what traditional means. For example, temporary marriages, how does that compete with tradition, it doesn’t. It overcomes the principle of traditional marriage. Many couples will see their marriage as traditional while others are more open to define the new tradition. Tough, society changes day by day and defines a new age it is no longer a realistic goal for most people nowadays. Tradition is not what society is engaging in our time.

Narrative Essay on Italian Immigrants Essays

Narrative Essay on Italian Immigrants Essays Narrative Essay on Italian Immigrants Essay Narrative Essay on Italian Immigrants Essay Her parents worked hard to gain US Citizenship and come productive members of society. The values that were instilled upon my aunt years ago still hold true today for her and my family today. TOPICS: Italian American, The Great Depression, Working Conditions, Gaining US Citizenship. For my narrative I spoke with my moms aunt, I Like to refer to her as my aunt also, though I know this Isnt the proper title for her. Her parents moved the family here In the early sasss (1911 was her approximate guess on the year) from Italy. When the came here her oldest brother, was already 5 years old. After arriving here the settled onto a small town in Pennsylvania, named Wampum. Wampum was a small (approximately 1,200 residents) suburb of Pittsburgh. Wampum was full of other Italian immigrants so they fit right in. Her father began working at the local lime quarry, where all the other Italian immigrants in town also worked. The quarry produced the lime used by Portland Medusa Cement Co. Her mother stayed home and tended to the family and home. During the next few years, 2 more sons and 3 daughters were born. The first born once immigrating here, a son was killed at the age of 10, by an unidentified hit and run driver. This was very hard on the family, especially her mother; since he had been the first born In the US and had acted as the Interpreter for her. They all spoke Italian around the house, but her father spoke some English at work, and the children all learned English In school. Her mother also took some night school classes as the children got older. The classes taught her sewing, enough English to get by in daily life, and helped her to pass her citizenship test. Her father and brother also eventually became US citizens. My aunt talked about going to school and being made fun of for being both Italian/Catholic in a predominately White/Protestant area. The kids in elementary school would tease her by saying Hunky day go shinny walk, eat your macaroni/ spaghetti with worms on top which would bring my aunt to tears. Her mom would say for her to Just tell them l dont eat macaroni or spaghetti, I eat steak! Looking back she laughs about It but at the time It was very difficult for her. She also had many Issues once graduating High School flying a Job. Many people In the community adulterated against the Italians, both for their ethnicity and their religious beliefs. After graduating High School in 1943 she moved to Erie, Pennsylvania to work as a dental assailant. (l tank tins Is winner seen met near TLS husband, but she didnt want to talk about it to me. ) She was able to get this Job due to WI going on at the time and them now training women to do mens Jobs that were away at war. Another topic she touched on was The Great Depression of the sasss. They were very poor, but they didnt really notice it cause so was everyone else during these times. She talked about walking the tracks in town, looking for coal that had fallen off assign trains. They collect as much as they could and use it to heat their house all winter. They also would plant/tend to a garden during the warm months, which in turn provided enough vegetables to can and eat during the winter. They also had chickens which provided them more then enough eggs to bake what they needed. Her father had built an outdoor oven in the backyard to cook bread in. She remembers the bags that flour used to come in and how her mother would always make a tablecloth and plate mats out of the old pages. In 1939/1940 steel arrived in the area. Her brothers started working in that field. The one worked at B. Wilcox Tube Company, working with the steel they put inside tires. It was a good Job that he stuck with until his death. (she didnt say if it was a work related death) Her other brother worked in the Ellwood City Tube Mill. Her sisters were now old enough to also work and worked in various retail type stores in town. She was the only one who moved away from home. The lime quarry where her father was working was eventually stripped of all the lime. It was then turned into a growing facility for Snowman Mushrooms. This provided lots of new Jobs for the people in town, including the women. (She wasnt sure what the women exactly did there though. ) The last topic she touched on was the amount of religion the family was involved in. They were a very Catholic family, attending Church every Sunday, and also on Tuesday and Thursday nights. Her mother loved going to Church. The priest spoke Latin and he and her mother would talk for hours since Latin and Italian are one in the same language. She was very adamant on telling me and making sure I wrote down that all of the ids graduated from High School, the whole family did in fact become US citizens and also they received NO extra help during The Depression. I know from also talking to my other family members that Italians are big on family, and they like to help each other, but not receive much outside help. The boys in the family are treated like kings. This is very apparent when you look at both my moms brother and my brother. They both seem to do no wrong, and the women bend over backwards to take care of them and make sure their needs are met.

SZT Task 4 Disaster in Franklin County Research Paper

SZT Task 4 Disaster in Franklin County - Research Paper Example This was significant because they had to be coordinated and encouraging to tackle all cultural, social, health and material issues emerging in the community every now and then. The health workers in the local vicinity synchronized transportation, communal services, public utilities, unpaid helpers, salvage works as well as support from outside members. The public health nurse had roles to play too. They were to communicate efficiently working in partnership with the whole of health units and other groups so as, to systematize resources that were essential throughout the disaster. In the simulation, they went door to door carrying out interviews of the community members. From these interviews, it was possible to obtain safety status as well as the health of the community. During the disaster, there are several people who also participated in ensuring that the rescue mission was success. For instance, the incident commander on the ground ensured that all the nurses were posted in the r ight position. At the same time, they saw to it that the head count of all the victims were in order. The logistic chief also played a part during the disaster. It was his mandate to ensure that all the required materials and machinery were in order. This step was taken to determine the availability of food, shelter and medicine for the victims. The financial chief on the ground made things easy for the victims and doctors in ensuring that he okayed the government ad the banks to avail money that was needed to be used. The public health director of the region was the overall overseer of the entire rescue mission. He authorized everything that took place during the rescue. In order to react well to a disaster, an effectual succession of command is necessary. It is there to facilitate knowledge and coordination of groups of people as well as individuals caught up in the emigration and relief efforts. In the simulation, the chain of commands offered