Essay examples --

Minority entrepreneurs have many barriers they have to overcome in order to be successful. approximately typical problems they face are limited access to capital, lower equity investments, and less exposure to entrepreneurship. Minority entrepreneurs are twice as likely to be turned down for traditional lending, which can discourage them from even applying for a loan. Not only that but they are less likely to be considered by traditional or angel investors. They also generally live in run down areas, with poor schooling and less access to successful people. unrivaled entrepreneur who has hurdled over all the barriers and became extremely successful is Russell Simmons, the co-founder of Def Jam Records.Biography of Russell SimmonsRussell Simmons was born in Queens, New York, on October 4, 1957. Growing up in Queens, he spent part of his adolescent years as a street hustler. During his middle school years, he sold marijuana and was even a segment of a local gang. He was arrested twi ce on other charges and was given probation. At eighteen he began taking college classes in the New York area and started functional at an Oranje Julius, but financed his clubbing lifestyle by selling fake cocaine. One night in 1977 while at a club he saw the clubbers going crazy over a song from Eddie Cheeba, an early rapper and DJ, he decided that it was the sound of the future. Simmons quit selling fake drugs and left over(p) college to begin promoting concerts and forming his own management company for artists. He called his company Rush Management. He managed Kurtis Blow, and Run-D.M.C.. In 1884 he partnered with Rick Ruban and founded Def Jam Recordings and starting the cultural revolution known as hip-hop. Businesses & IndustriesRussell Simmons has his fingers in a ... ...nced everything from music to finance and philanthropy. He has been the architect in creating the trends in current pop culture. A majority of Simmons endeavors would celestial latitude into the venture opportunity school of thought, and he took an integrative approach.My ThoughtsSimmons built an entertainment empire, with hip-hop at the foundation. By fighting for hip-hop, even when everyone said it was a hysteria Simmons taught me that, even if everyone doubts something, all it will take is one person to believe and to fight for what they believe in. I also learned that if one person starts to do towards a goal, it would pave the way for others to follow. Simmons often said that Black culture or urban culture is for all people who buy into it and not sightly for black people. Whether its film or TV or records or advertisement or clothing, I dont accept the box they put option me in.

t true knight :: essays research papers

The Definition of a KnightKnights were a type of soldier established in the middle ages, sworn to protect the nobility. They followed the rules of chivalry, rode the best horses, bare the finest arms and weaponry, and were highly respected. A strong need for protection of the nobility brought knighthood to be and chivalry to order. True knights are far and few now, by the prohibit of the 16th century knighthood was over. Real knights fought hand-to-hand, before guns and gun-powder, heavily armored and ready for battle. Finding a true knight might seem hard now, except true knights exist, they just dont look the same.A knights training started early in his life. At age 7 a boy would be a page. At 14, a page would become a squire, and the training would become tougher. Finally at age 21, a squire would become a knight, and he would serve in the military for 40 more years. This sounds familiar to life now doesnt it? At 7, a boy/girl would serving around the house or at others house s. He/she would be learning about how to complete different tasks in the garden, the kitchen, the garage, etc. At age 14, a boy/girl might acquire a part-time job, or summer work. Train more for the real world and gain more companionship for the future. This is also the age that he/she might learn about sex, drugs, respect, manakinness, even love maybe. Finally at age 21, that boy/girl is now a man/woman. Pursuing a career, starting a family, and working hard to provide and protect his/her family. The way a person is raised now, is not very much different of that of a knight. The difference now might be chivalry. A chivalrous knight will be courteous, kind, protective of whats right, aggressive to what is wrong, and will value the true things in life family, love, and life. The same 21 year old man/woman, will love their family, love their spouse, protect his/her family, be kind to others, teach his/her children right from wrong. A Knight is, kind, chivalrous, gentle, honorable, merciful, and willing to sacrifice.

What is Online Discussion? Essay -- Technology, Communication

Many benefits of online interchange have been recorded in the literature. For example, participation in an asynchronous online discourse is time and place independent (Morse, 2003 Williams etal., 2001). Participants who involved online discussion can contribute whenever they have a useful input and wherever they be as long as they have access to a profits based computer. Williams (2002, p. 266) explained the freedom from temporal and geographical constraints international students have flexibility in the time, place and pace of communication with others. In contrast, the traditional face-to-face discussion does not have this flexibility. Online discussion allows students taking time to think about the messages they receive from their peers as well as what they postings. After a long time practice they can send without the pressure as an immediate responder (Biesenbach & Lucas, 2003). Therefore, online discussion is also defined as a powerful tool for the suppuration of critical thinking, collaboration, and reflection (Williams et al., 2001, p. 151). Online discussions are deeply engaged and benefits the diverse students compared with traditional classroom discussions (Crevener, 1999, cited in Pinch & Graves, 2000). Students tend to participate more as they are aware that their participation is being monitored and recorded (Tullar et al., 1998). Online discussion within small groups or learning sets also affords a growing sense of community and a feeling among students that they can get to know each other through this medium (Curtin, 2002, cited in Lewin & Jerram, 2003 Hammond, 2000). Another major benefit of online discussion relates to the fact that in the traditional classroom situation, a few students often domi... ...e way it is used by instructors and students and how it is contribute to the course work (Elgort et al., 2003 McKinlay, 1999, cited in Biesenbach-Lucas, 2003 Weasenforth et al., 2002). The length of the discussion, the number of posting s required, the sizing of any one contribution, the role of the instructor, the students technical preparedness and so on, need to be carefully considered. Otherwise, the discussion may consist of contributions that are not strongly interactive and the students may simply play the game of assessment whereby they make postings that earn marks but do not really contribute to the victimization of the conversation (Oliver & Shaw, 2003, p. 56). Therefore, some authors offer tips for designing and running a good discussion in a networked environment based on their experiences (Hawisher & Pemberton, 1997 Kimball, 1995 Sullivan, 2002).

Profiles in Courage: Sam Houston :: essays research papers

surface-to-air missile Houston was a great man in our history. He stood up for what he believed was good for the Union not the North or the South. When Sam was rebuked for providing the winning margin for his opp angiotensin-converting enzyments he utter I know neither North nor South I know only the Union. He also said everyone must stand firm to the Union, regardless of all personal consequences. He was fiercely ambitious, yet at the end he sacrificed for principle all he had ever won or wanted. He was a Southerner, and yet he steadfastly maintained his loyalty to the Union. He could be all things to all manpowerand yet, when faced with his greatest challenge, he was faithful to himself and to Texas.When still a dreamy and unmanageable boy, he had run away from his Tennessee frontier home, and was adopted by the Cherokee Indians, who christened him Co-lon-neh, the Raven. An human foot officer under Andrew Jackson in 1813, his right arm had been shredded by enemy bullets when he alone had dashed into enemy lines at the skirmish of the Horseshoe, his men cowering in the hills behind him. A brave man he was indeed. Apparently he discovered but a few days after(prenominal) his marriage that his young and beautiful bride had been forced to accept his hand by an ambitious father, when in truth she loved another.Sam struck out with one grand assault on Texas officialdom by announcing himself a candidate for Governor in the 1857 election. But his votes on Kansas and other Southern measures could not be explained away to an angry constituency, and Texas handed Sam Houston the first trouncing of his political career. On November 10, 1857, Sam Houston was unceremoniously dismissed by the Texas Legislature and a more than militant spokesman for the South elected as his successor. In the fall of 1859, the aging warrior again ran as an independent candidate for Governor, again with no party, no newsprint and no organization behind him, and making but one campaign s peech. Houston delivered his inaugural address directly to the people from the steps of the Capitol, instead of before a joint session of the Legislature.Sam Houston earned his place in Profiles in Courage by his refusal to support the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854. This bill repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820 and would give way allowed the residents of territories from Iowa to the Rocky Mountains to decide the slavery issue themselves.

Cannery Row Essay -- essays research papers

The minor characters in John Steinbecks novel Cannery Row are a contradiction in terms within themselves. Steinbeck shows two conflicting sides to each character for example, mack is smart and lazy and some of his colleagues are both good and bad. Doc is a arrest figure with some bad habits. Dora Flood is a kind-hearted saint who happens to run a brothel. lee Chong is a shrewd businessman who likes to take advantage of others. Henri is an workman with a French background even though he isnt from France. Through his characters, Steinbeck shows that humans are complicated and can have many faces.Mack and his Boys are a group of down-and-out but always devious men who live to pull backher in the run-down fishmeal shack, owned by Lee Chong, which they c all the Palace Flophouse and Grill. Mack is their ringleader, a smart, charismatic man who can charm anyone into anything as one of the boys says, Mack could be president of the linked States if he wanted to be, but he wouldnt want to do anything like that, being of course that it wasnt fun. Macks attempts to do things the easy way and to his advantage often get him into trouble. Eddie, another of the boys, is a substitute bartender at La Ida, the local bar. He brings home stolen bottles and a jug filled with remnants from customers drinks this makes him immeasurably popular all around. Hazel is perhaps the hardest working of the boys He often accompanies Doc on collecting trips. Ironically, though, the narrative claims he was too lazy ...

Cannery Row Essay -- essays research papers

The minor characters in John Steinbecks novel Cannery Row are a contradiction within themselves. Steinbeck shows dickens conflicting sides to each character for example, Mack is smart and lazy and more or less of his colleagues are both good and bad. Doc is a father figure with some bad habits. Dora Flood is a kind-hearted saint who happens to run a brothel. Lee Chong is a shrewd businessman who likes to take advantage of others. Henri is an artist with a cut background even though he isnt from France. Through his characters, Steinbeck shows that humans are complicated and can have many faces.Mack and his Boys are a group of down-and-out but always devious men who live together in the run-down fishmeal shack, owned by Lee Chong, which they call the palace Flophouse and Grill. Mack is their ringleader, a smart, charismatic man who can charm anyone into anything as one of the boys says, Mack could be president of the United States if he precious to be, but he wouldnt want to do an ything like that, being of course that it wasnt fun. Macks attempts to do things the easy way and to his advantage often get him into trouble. Eddie, another of the boys, is a substitute bartender at La Ida, the local bar. He brings home stolen bottles and a jug filled with remnants from customers drinks this makes him immeasurably popular all around. Hazel is perhaps the hardest working of the boys He often accompanies Doc on collecting trips. Ironically, though, the narrative claims he was too lazy ...

Future of Smart Phones

In recent years, the concept of a novel phone is changing dramatically. and review what we go already got. iPhone, a creative mobile phone, has established a platform full of potential, which allows programmers to design innovative applications and sell them online. We postnot deny that iPhone is the attracter of the smart phone market, however, theres another powerful purser, smart phones based on Google Android system, which is an open-sources operating system. Features of present smart phones argon perspicuous to see, touchscreen, GPS navigator, gravity sensor, massive delicate applications and so forth.These things have come up in such a short time and changed the market entirely. 2. Changes and Improvements of future smart phones As its said before, smart phones are full of potential. With the increasing growth of customers appetite, these little digital machines are evolving rapidly to benefit people. More functions ordain be integrated into smartphones. 2. 1 Gaming expe rience Its believed that the gaming experience will be greatly improved in next some years. Gamers will be able to experience what we are experiencing on PCs where a FPS game is involved with high-resolution graphical display and multiplayer co-operation.These should ascribe to faster central processor and faster carrier service. Moreover, the installation of games will be much easier. Only several steps are needed to be done to have a latest game downloaded and ready to run. Payment and whatever can be accomplished online. Also, with the need for intense empathy of gaming experience, the screen of smart phones will be much bigger but not as big as an iPad beca utilization its a burden to carry. Some designed for game may have gaming controller on themselves, just like PSP. 2. 2 Security Perhaps close to challenging concern for the future is security.Nowadays, increasing people use their credit cards via smart phones. Its devastating to see that online thieves working day and nig ht. At present we cannot make the conclusion that smart phone we are using is pretty secure, not by the iPhone being hacked to acquaint administration right. Manufactures and security corporations should work together to ensure that customers password wont be stolen by villains. When a smart phone is infected with virus, powerful anti-virus software should alert the user and wipe out the threat immediately. 2. 3 CommunicationThe famous SNS web rate Facebook has already achieved 500 million registered accounts, which means therere more and more people that enjoy online communication. This gives smart phones a perfect opportunity to be the very(prenominal) useful tool to keep in touch with others. Although we cannot access internet everywhere at present, the future smart phone will become the most common communication device with widespread Wi-Fi network. Moreover, contact with friends will be fun under the help of some features such as multi-touching and mini camera. manduction at any time can be the top entertainment in our daily life. 3. ConclusionHave you ever dreamed of having an ultra-functional hand like device that can do almost everything for you? Its not transformers, but it can come into being with the rapid development of technology. Smart phones, with faster processor and high positive operating system, wont just be your travelling companion, but your key to the colorful digital world.Bibliography (References) John Brandon (2010, February). The Future of Smartphones 2010-2015 and Beyond. Retrieved October 28, 2010, from Digital Trend, Features Web site http//www. digitaltrends. com/features/the-future-of-smartphones-2010-2015-and-beyond/

Evaluate the External Corporate Communications of an Existing Product or Service

Evaluate the foreign corporate communications of an existing product or service Types of external corporate communications Write down the meaning of apiece and give examples Related to CWOA * Advertising Advertising is a way to inform in a way of notice or announcement to the public or businesses about promotions, services and products. Other bottom of the inning be information about upcoming events or a massive sale. Advertisement can be informed through TV, leaflets and Radio. CWOA inform their customers about new events taking place via Television advertisement as well as posters on public transport vehicles and on their websites.Their recent service is the Zufari which is a bit like a safari but at the CWOA location. CWOA exit inform families and their loyal customers about this new and exciting service that they will start providing over the Easter Holidays through TV advertisement, leaflets and their website. * packaging forwarding is a process to which business follow in order to protect their products from damages and ensure the product is safe and clean which stays fresh. Packaging sells a product much effectively for a business that it would without it.Customers feel more confident when purchasing products beca lend oneself they know that the product is safe, clean, and best of all in all stag new. Packaging mostly is process by plastic but can be corrugated board as well as metal glass and paper. CWOA be fork over their souvenir shops that have products all packaged with good aesthetics. They atomic number 18 packaged in clear plastic bags. For example their T- garments will have the CWOA logo and will be in a clear plastic package for the customer to come over and handle properly whilst the t-shirt also being protected from dirt. intelligence Logos are a form of identify to differentiate a business from its competitors. It helps consumers recognise all types of businesses and therefore competition rises as well. If one logo is bett er than an early(a) either because of the way its name is or the style, it makes a lot of difference to the sales and profits of a business. For example the Armani logo is actually famous and therefore has expansive products. On the other hand, George a clothing line that sells at retails of Tesco is not as popular, however their products are very forte but may not live up to its expectations of high quality.CWOA have a recognisable logo that is easy to read and understand globally. It is very pleasant logo that has been designed for years that consumers instantly recognise the great quality experience at the attractive forces. * Methods There are different types of methods to communicate with the outside or external of the business such as the public to inform of new products and sales and or publish sales figures on the internet which has to be met by law. There are methods to inform people of their new products to ensure they are attracted to it and its value by its price.CW OA are currently launching their new service called Zufari which is a family adventure that looks at all the different kinds of animal in the same theme of a Safari. CWOA will use methods to attract their customers to its new service. On their website they would use large, bold and colourful colours to attract readers, pictures to engage their mind and theme styles that relate to animals. Pricing methods to attract them to purchase and book online which may be a meretriciouser alternative such as a family deal of 4 with 20% off before a certain date. Mission Statements Mission statements are a summary of the aims and values of a company, organization, or individual. It is a statement of their core purpose and focus that doesnt change for a very long time. These statements can be found on any organisation website. The mission statement for CWOA can be found on their Merlin entertainment group website as well. Its aim is to deliver unique, memorable and rewarding experiences to mill ions of visitors across its growing estate. Mission statements underline the purpose of the business.It gives them a direction and its customers as external commuters to see what the businesss aims is that relate to the customer. Missions statements pictures customers how passionate a business is for thriving in success and in favour of the consumer with excellent services that is promised to be provided to each and every customer. However if CWOA dont reach their goals then this can question CWIAs abilities in proving the great customer experience they promised. This can act their brand and its reputation. Livery Livery is a way to distinguish colour and, style and theme to their customers from other companies. CWOA do this to many of their souvenir products so that customers are reminded of how much great fun they had from their experience at the attraction. This may re-awake their senses and encourage them to go back to experience the same fun they had on their last visit. The saving on their products can be of their colour schemes or logo for example a teddy bear would have a logo on the shirt and a red and yellow colour background of the hirt to represent its home as CWOA. However a livery can be somewhat of a disadvantage to the business. CWOA may change their logo style, theme and or colour scheme as well as the whole logo design cod to change in leadership, partnership and or takeover by another rigid. This will mean that CWOA may have to change all their designs on their souvenirs as well as their products. High costs can result of this action. If logo and design is changed then customers may not be able to recognise the brand as well as they did with the first logo design.Memories of great fun and experience may not be the same when looking at a different style logo. * Strap Lines, Strap line is another way of saying a slogan that is a method to catch a readers attention and persuade them to buy their product or service. An example of a strap l ine used by CWOA for their new service called Zufari call up into Africa. Slogans are a way of saying something is alike and the experience will be of a replica. The same goes to CWOA of their new service which will offer a similar real Safari experience. This kind of slogan attracts customers to visit the attraction.Some strap lines may not be appropriate for come consumers so business read to be careful of the way they use the strap lines. A good strap line is Tescos Every Little Helps. This is because Tesco is a large firm with products at very cheap prices and also competitive. It is a way of saying every little saving helps make larger saving on other things. It also outlines Tescos objectives of cheaper products than their competitors. * Endorsements An endorsement is an approval, from a third party or an important person, of a service or product is a way of deport and or a recommendation of the businesss products and or services.Endorsements work like an advertisement exc ept it is less of a persuasion and more of a personal recommendation. If CWOA asked Jonathan Ross to endorse their attraction along with his family then that would make CWOAs reputation high. Families would want to go to CWOA simply because a famous person has visited that attraction which to them can mean that the attraction is worth going to because of higher status of approval. Endorsements generally are an excellent method to increase sales fast. The endorser of CWOA, which could be Jonathan Ross, receives a fee or payment of endorsing the brand and material.Endorsing a famous or well-known person like a celebrity is not cheap many of them demand high fees. People will believe an outside person that they know, which they can relate to about a business that they are not related to such as Jonathan Ross is a TV presenter of his own family show. * Sponsorship Sponsorships are increasingly getting bigger and better. Organisations and events can run with the help of sponsorship. It is more of a promotional activity which is a form of corporate communication.Sponsorships work like this an organisation supports an activity, event or another organisation by large-minded them money and or other valuable recourses which may relate to them and in return they may want advertisement on space on their boards or area of event. And if it is another organisation than it generally requires advertisements space. An example of this is a football team such as Arsenal Football that has been sponsored by Fly Emirates which is an international airline service and has their logo on the Arsenal jersey and on around their stadiums.CWOA are sponsored by many organisations such as EDF energy, Cornetto, MasterCard, Nintendo Wii and other small companies. In return CWOA puts their logos on their website, event leaflets and on their rides. Advertisements of Chessington World of Adventures Chessington World of Adventure has produced a TV advertisement of their Halloween special event taking place during the Half term. The event is called Halloween Hocus-pocus. The impression is on the CWOAs website and on TV 2 weeks before the actual event taking place. TV is a good way for advertisement because the message gets across to a wider audience.TV advertisements are better effective because they are memorable, especially to children, because they use sound and colourful vision. This telecasting was due for half term of October 2012. Presentation methods Presentation methods to meet the needs of the customer how the use of style and use of images, use of language are all targeted at specific customer groups TV is watched by many people at home and during the evenings when the family are all together at tea time, there are many family type advertisements that go on at that time of period.TV is colourful with lots of sounds to engage the listener. CWOA have a olive-drab Halloween theme that relates to their event. The dark theme uses darker colours, images of moons, witches, animals, people in costumes that look surreal, decorated hotel rooms and the theme park is set during the night. With many muted colours and flashing images along with multi images of animals and witches and monsters, it grabs a lot of the audiences attention who are sitting in the comfort of their own home.Images that are suitable for all audiences are the best to assemble all target consumers. TV advertisement shows good quality images, as most families now have access to HD TVs that enable higher quality videos and images. The styles of texts they have used are very bold and gothic. The sound track has been adapted to a dark and scary theme with a few spooky gag sound and tense tones. There are also animal sounds, such as bats and owls. Sounds like these engage the audiences well and interact with their hearing senses.In the video are also a few animated clips that have been integrated with real life videos of the resort. These animated clips are of Halloween character s such as witches and monsters. The videos of the resort show some of their special Halloween defends and events along with new rides. Some animals are shown to show those audiences that know very little about COWA. The events show examples of Halloween parties, dress up, plays and characters in play whilst hosting families around their resort experience.The advertisement is a good quality however I believe that the video could have been more informative rather than well(p) showing clips of rides, animals and people in costumes. The vieo could have informed parents of ticket prices, were to look for further information details, special offers and the exact events and new features of this Halloween special and what makes it special than an middling day at CWOA. The clip does engage the younger audiences to carry on watching the clip and still be interested. picture/advertisement video origin from http//www. chessington. com/plan-your-trip/chessington-videos. aspxcontent

Fundamentals of Accounting Essay

For Goods for Sales inventory is usually divided into1. Raw Materials a) Natural Raw Materials Cotton, Wools and etc.b) Synthetic Raw Materials Acrylic, Viscose, Nylon, Polyester, etc.2. Work in execute (WIP) Its starting with making character from raw materials (Natural and Synthetic). Following by the process of spinning with the produced Fibre and come out with Yarn as the final product in spinning. Furthermore, Yarn will be processed into Grey Fabric by the process of weaving. Lastly, Processed Fabric is to be through with(p) from Grey Fabric. Processed Fabric will be used for Technical Textiles, Readymade Garments and Home Textiles. These products will contribute to further production of final goods.3. holy Goods Finished goods will be categorised under the brand of PADINI, SEED, PADINI AUTHENTICS, P&Co, PDI, MIKI, VINCCI and so on. For example of finished goods are sweater, skirt, knit vest, cotton pant, dress, shirt, belt, bag, tie, jeans, blouse, scarf, jacket, trousers, blazer and so forth.1.2 Process of Manufacturing Raw materials that can be divided into two distinct categories those derived from natural materials (cotton, et cetera) and synthetic materials (polyester, et cetera). Fibre will be produced by compounding raw materials into one. Fibre then will undergo the process of spinning to become yarn.The production process begins with yarn purchasing and progresses through knitting, dyeing, and finishing. The processed fabric is then set up for further production. Process of Manufacturing (after processed fabric) is given below in details No.DesignIt is given by buyers to manufacturers containing sketches including measurements of finical stylesmanual of arms/Computerized02Basic ceaseBasic block is an individual component of garments without any style of designManual/Computerized03Working PatternWhen a pattern is made for a particular style with net dimension regarding the basic block along with allowance then it is called working pattern.M anual/Computerized04Sample GarmentsAfter making a sample, it is move to buyer for approval to rectify the faults Manual05Approved SampleAfter rectify the faults, sample is again sent to buyers.Manual06CostingFabric Costing, making Charged, Trimmings, ProfitManual07Production PatternMaking allowance with net dimension for bulk productionManual/Computerized08GradingDifferent in sizes. S, M, L, XL, XXLManual/Computerized09Marker MakingMarker is a thin paper which contains all the components for different sizes for a particular style of garmentsManual/Computerized10Fabric cattle ranchTo spread the fabrics on table properly for cuttingManual/Computerized11CuttingTo cut fabric according to marker dimensionManual/Computerized12Sorting & BundlingSort out the fabric according to size and for each size make in individual bundles Manual13 fastenTo assemble a full garmentsManual14Ironing & FinishingAfter sewing we will get a complete garment which is interact with steam ironing & also severa l finishing processes are done for example extra loose thread cuttingManual15 reappraisalShould be approved as initial sampleManual16PackingTreated by Polyethylene bagManual1.3 Inventories Valuation methodCost is determined using the first-in-first-out method for Padini Holdings Berhad for the pecuniary year ended 30 June. p. 62Note *Full page copy of Financial bid for this particular section will show at Appendix.1.4 Amount of Closing InventoriesThe amount of closing inventories as reported in the financial statement for Padini Holdings Berhad was RM192, 285, 000 for the financial year ended 30 June. p. 80Note *Full page copy of Financial Statement for this particular section will show at Appendix.References1) http//www.indiamart.com/kishco-silver/products.html2) http//crisil.com/pdf/research/CRISIL-Research-cust-bulletin_jan12.pdf 3) http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textile_industry4) http//www.bloomberg.com/quote/PADMK5) http//tlc.howstuffworks.com/home/how-is-fabric-created1.htm

Anatman The Five Skandas And Emptiness

In short, the doctrine of the five Kansas implies that the self is radically Returning to the secondly Noble Truth The Second Noble Truth states ducked has specifiable origins. Remember, the e root of ducked is, in part, . But this is a result of believing that the self is an thing and thus foolhardier. In addition, we commode now see that is brought about by than manta. The three roots of suffering be thus (craving to have) of the fact that You are no to a greater extent 2. 3. Emptiness The Sanskrit reciprocation (craving to not have) (Of the truth Of manta) is commonly translated as emptiness. Due t the negative connotations of the word, many contemporary scholars of Bud hiss have suggested alternative translations such as limitlessness or boundlessness. In this class well stick to the common translation of emptiness while keeping in mind the at it does not slopped that aught exists or nothingness. There are many layers to the concept that have developed throughout history . On the one hand, there is the he some other hand, there is the notion which well look at presently. On t notion. Well examine this aspect when discuss mindfulness (in this section of the course) and Zane (in the Zen socio n).Two metaphysical smell outs of Emptiness Sense 1 This oldest sense of the term is merely the concept of manta (and consequently the five Kansas). This is the understanding taken up by the Sense 2 tradition of Buddhism. This understanding is the newer of the two (although from our perspective it s quite ancient). In short, it is the claim that all of reality is radically not merely the self. This meat of emptiness is corn to the tradition of Buddhism, and originates in the Mohammad philosophy of Nicaragua. However, we need a little bit more detail to do the notion justice.Dependent Origination The commutation idea behind dependent origination is that everything is radically and in radical One important consequence of this is that there are neither nor cause s effects-?there is nothing that can be identified as the cause or the e effect. There is only the momentary interrelation of the five processes. Thus, reality is no more than a vast system Of _processes. Do not confuse this with the scalded butterfly effect. Another important consequence is that there are no There arena metaphysically NT upon everything else. Objects. Indeed, everything is radically dependedOther terminology for dependent origination includes interdependent arising interdependent coarsening, or simply interdependence. Wrapping up So, the distinction between the two senses of emptiness is rattling one of just r stringing the radical interdependence of the Kansas to the self and of globalization it to all of reality. However, the implications of globalization interdependence are important. The y include 1. There are no 2. Everything is 3. There are no on and things at all. With everything else. 4. Literally nothing exists-?only causes and effects. Exist-?and thus no Exist. 5. Ignorance as a cause of ducked not only means that one is ignorant of the truth of manta, but that one is also ignorant of the above four facts (among others). These consequences are very important to origin when discussing the differed CE between and which we wont be able to fully summarize until the end of this section. An Interesting Question self next? Given that Buddhism accepts that notion of reincarnation only claims that there e is no (but just a set of ever changing processes), what is it that is reborn from one lie fee to the Lets discuss this as a class.